Before 1940, more than 100,000 Jews used to live in Amsterdam.
The first Jewish refugees started settling here in the late 15th century. They were the Sephardi, forced to flee Spain to save themselves from the Inquisition. Then, the “Marrano” Jews from Portugal added to them, and in the mid-19th century, the Jewish community of Amsterdam was largely replenished by the Jews who fled from Eastern Europe.
The saturated Jewish past of Amsterdam is not only the ramified banking network of the Rothschilds and the art of diamond cutting, but also such names as the philosopher Spinoza, the artist Josef Izraels and the girl Anna Frank, whose “diary” has been preserved as a terrific document of human love in inhuman circumstances.
When the genocide of the Jewish population began during the years of German occupation, Queen Wilhelmina sewnthe yellow star of David to her coat.
There direly notorious tram #8, that was bringing Jews from the ghetto to the Central Station, doesn’t exist anymore. Today, there is no such tramroute number in all of Netherlands.
- The Portuguese Synagogue (one of the largest in the world)
- Museum of the History of the Jewish People
- The former old Jewish quarter – three Jewish communities: Beth Jakob,Neve Shalom, Beth Israel
- The former Jewish drama theater
- Spinoza-Rembrandt
- The Anne Frank Museum.
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